Optimal Method to Reduce the Effect of Saponification on Methyl Ester Yield After Transesterification of High Free Fatty Acid Oils
Biodiesel is a source of energy derived from fats, and its use has been increasing in recent decades as the supply of oil decreases. The main process in biodiesel production is transesterification, which involves combining the fatty acid tails of the triglycerides to methanol or ethanol molecules via ester linkages to yield biodiesel; this reaction is typically catalyzed by a base. If the triglyceride source isn’t pure, then unwanted soap may form from the basic catalyst reacting with free fatty acids. In this experiment, the effects of using different techniques of biodiesel production were evaluated and compared in order to determine which one was the most practical with respect to cost, time, and yield. Three trials were conducted for each method using laboratory-scale equipment. The most efficient method was in fact the supercritical process. The second most efficient was to use acid-based catalysts, the third was to use traditional base-catalyzed transesterification, and the least efficient was molecular distillation. It was then concluded that when it come to reactions involving high FFA content, the supercritical process is the optimal technique.